What is CVI? Understanding Cortical Visual Impairment

Cortical Visual Impairment (CVI) is a neurological condition where visual processing is disrupted in the brain's visual processing centers, rather than in the eyes themselves. Unlike ocular vision loss, CVI affects how the brain interprets and processes visual information.

Causes of Cortical Visual Impairment

CVI results from damage to the brain's visual processing centers, particularly the visual cortex and associated pathways. Common causes include:

Hypoxic-ischemic events (lack of oxygen to the brain)
Traumatic brain injury
Stroke
Infections affecting the brain
Genetic conditions
Premature birth complications

Symptoms and Characteristics of CVI

People with CVI may experience a unique combination of visual challenges:

Visual field deficits: Missing parts of the visual scene
Difficulty with visual complexity: Overwhelmed by cluttered or busy visual environments
Problems with object recognition: Difficulty identifying familiar objects or faces
Issues with visual attention: Challenges maintaining visual focus
Motion perception problems: Difficulty tracking moving objects
Light sensitivity: Discomfort or difficulty in bright or changing light conditions
Visual-motor challenges: Difficulty coordinating vision with movement

How CVI Differs from Ocular Visual Impairments

Unlike conditions affecting the eyes (such as cataracts, glaucoma, or retinal disorders), CVI:

Originates in the brain, not the eyes
May present with normal eye exams and visual acuity tests
Can involve fluctuating visual abilities depending on factors like fatigue, environment, and familiarity
Often includes higher-level visual processing difficulties beyond basic sight
May improve with targeted interventions due to brain plasticity

Impact on Daily Life

CVI can significantly affect daily activities including:

Navigation and mobility in unfamiliar environments
Reading and academic performance
Social interactions and facial recognition
Self-care and daily living tasks
Participation in recreational activities